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1.
Med. infant ; 23(3): 213-216, Sept.2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-884209

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El entrenamiento en simuladores permite aprender procedimientos en un marco controlado que protege la seguridad de los pacientes pediátricos y que se integra como una instancia de aprendizaje previa a la realidad con el paciente. En el Centro de Simulación del Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan se diseñan y validan simuladores de bajo costo artesanales que permiten contar con recursos propios y de reposición inmediata. Objetivo: Describir el diseño de un simulador de bajo costo para la colocación de accesos vasculares periféricos y reportar la experiencia inicial de validación. Métodos: Se diseñó un simulador artesanal inanimado de punción venosa periférica (parte de miembro superior de un niño de edad aproximada de 8 años) con materiales de bajo costo. En una segunda fase y con el propósito de validarlo, se solicitó la colocación del acceso vascular -en el modelo simulado- a enfermeros del hospital que trabajan en el área de internación (usuarios expertos). Al final de cada experiencia, cada operador reportó su opinión sobre el realismo del modelo y utilidad de la experiencia en forma anónima. Resultados Participaron 43 enfermeros; entre el 75 a 90% de las veces, las repuestas fueron "se parece mucho" o "es igual" a la experiencia real de colocación de un acceso venoso a un niño. El 85% expresó que esta práctica permitía mejorar la destreza, y el 100% que el modelo puede ayudar a enseñarla en forma efectiva. Conclusiones El desarrollo de modelos de simuladores de bajo costo para usos específicos, de baja tecnología, resulta importante para el entrenamiento de habilidades. La aceptación por parte de los usuarios calificados y expertos fue muy buena, encontrando en un alto porcentaje similitud con la realidad (AU)


Introduction: Training on simulators allows for the learning of procedures within a controlled framework that protects the safety of pediatric patients and provides a learning moment previous to working with a real patient. In the Simulation Center at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan low-cost simulators are designed and validated that allow for proper resources and immediate replacement. Aim: To describe the design of a low-cost simulator for the placement of peripheral vascular Access and to report the initial experience with the validation of the device. Methods: An inanimate simulator for peripheral puncture (the upper limb of a child of approximately 8 years of age) was designed using lowcost materials. In a second phase with the purpose of validating the device, nurses of the hospital working in the inpatient area (expert users) were asked to insert a venous catheter in the simulation model. At the end of each procedure, each operator was asked to anonymously give their opinion. Results: 43 nurses participated; between 75 and 90% of times, the answers were "it is very similar "or "it is the same as the experience of placing a real venous catheter in a child. Overall, 85% felt that the training improved their skills and 100% considered that the model may be effective in the teaching process. Conclusions: The development of low-cost, low-technology simulation models is important in the training of skills. Acceptance by qualified users and experts was very good. A high degree of similarity with reality was reported (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Catheterization, Peripheral/nursing , Competency-Based Education/methods , Education, Nursing, Continuing/methods , Low Cost Technology , Models, Anatomic , Simulation Training , Vascular Access Devices
2.
Med. infant ; 21(3): 237-243, Sept.2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-914438

ABSTRACT

La unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) es el ámbito más seguro para la atención de pacientes críticamente enfermos. Sin embargo, hay situaciones en las que el paciente debe ser trasladado a algún otro lugar del hospital, pudiendo incrementar el riesgo para eventos adversos. El objetivo es describir la implementación de un programa de capacitación y realizar un relevamiento de los traslados de pacientes de UCI. Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes trasladados desde las UCI 44-45-72 y 65 durante el periodo de Julio 2012 a Junio 2013. Se diseñó una lista de chequeo, con datos de cada paciente, material para el traslado y registro de efectos adversos. Se agruparon por gravedad en Grupo I: Sin requerimientos de inotrópicos y sin asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM) y Grupo II: Requerimientos de ARM y/o inotrópicos (A Estables, B Inestable). Se realizó capacitación del personal encargado de los traslados para completar las listas de chequeo y recomendaciones sobre traslado seguro. Se documentaron 104 traslados y se distribuyeron en Grupo IA 32%, 2A 61% y 2B 11%. Se pesquisó un total de 61 (58.65%) eventos adversos. Se registraron eventos adversos en 58.65% de los traslados y solo 47.11% de los traslados fueron realizados en condiciones adecuadas (AU)


The intensive care unit (ICU) is the safest environment for the care of critically ill patients. Nevertheless, in certain settings the patients have to be transferred to other sectors of the hospital, which may increase the risk of adverse events. With the aim to describe the implementation of a training program and to assess the transfer of ICU patients a descriptive and prospective study was conducted. All patients transferred from ICUs 44-45,72, and 65 over the period July 2012 to June 2013 were included. A checklist was developed with patient data, materials included in the transfer, and recording of adverse events. Patients were categorized according to severity into Group I: No need for inotropics and mechanical ventilation (MV) and Group II: Need for MV and/or inotropics (A Stable, B Unstable). Personnel in charge of the transfers were trained in the filling out of the checklists and recommendations for safe transfers. One hundred and four transfers were registered; 32% of the patients were in Group IA, 61% in Group 2A, and 11% in 2B. A total of 61 (58.65%) adverse events were observed. Adverse events were registered in 58.65% of the transfers and only 47.11% of the transfers were performed under adequate conditions (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Patient Transfer/standards , Patient Transfer/statistics & numerical data , Critical Illness , Patient Safety , Quality of Health Care , Prospective Studies , Checklist , Simulation Training
3.
Med. infant ; 21(3): 244-247, Sept.2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-914445

ABSTRACT

La mejor estrategia en el post-quirúrgico de cardiopatías congénitas para promover la extubación precoz y destete de asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM) con ventilación no invasiva (VNI) todavía no ha sido establecida. El objetivo es comparar eficacia de la presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) vs presión positiva con dos niveles en la vía aérea (BIPAP) en la extubación electiva de estos pacientes. Es un estudio prospectivo entre el 1 de junio de 2008 y 31 marzo de 2010. Se randomizaron los pacientes para extubación electiva: modo CPAP o BIPAP. Se registraron datos demográficos y del procedimiento quirúrgico, entre otros. El fracaso de VNI fue definido como reintubación dentro de las 72 hs posteriores a la extubación o más de un criterio de intubación. Durante el periodo de estudio 1438 pacientes fueron admitidos en UCI35. En el grupo BIPAP se randomizaron 53 pacientes, de los cuales se extubaron exitosamente 49 (92%), pero 4 se reintubaron debido a falla cardiaca. En el grupo CPAP se randomizaron 46 y fallaron en la extubación 18 (39%) debido a múltiples episodios de desaturación y apneas. De éstos, 11 requirieron reintubación endotraqueal y ARM. En 7 pacientes, se pasó a modo BIPAP y permanecieron extubados, aunque el cruzamiento no fue parte del diseño de este estudio. En el destete de ARM de los pacientes post-quirúrgicos de cardiopatías congénitas, el uso de BIPAP fue más efectivo que CPAP. En esta última modalidad se presentaron mayor número de fracasos de VNI (AU)


The best strategy for early extubation and weaning from mechanical respiration (MV) with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in post-surgical congenital heart defect patients has not been established yet. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure CPAP) vs bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) in the elective extubation of these patients. A prospective study was conducted between June 1, 2008 and March 31, 2010. Patients that were candidates for elective extubation were randomized to CPAP or BIPAP. Data on demographics and surgical procedure, among others, were recorded. Failure of NIV was defined as the need for reintubation within 72 hours after extubation or more than one criterion for intubation. Over the study period, 1438 patients were admitted to ICU 35. Fifty-three patients were randomized to BIPAP, of whom 49 (92%) were successfully extubated; however, four were reintubated due to heart failure. Forty-six patients were randomized to CPAP. Extubation failed in 18 (39%) due to multiple episodes of desaturation and apneas. Eleven of 18 required endotracheal reintubation and mechanical ventilation. Seven patients were switched to BIPAP and remained extubated, although the switch was not part of the study design. In the weaning of post-surgical congenital heart defect patients from MV, BIPAP was more effective than CPAP. In the latter modality, the incidence of NIV failure was higher (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Airway Extubation/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Postoperative Period , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Prospective Studies
4.
Med. infant ; 20(3): 229-233, Sept.2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-964272

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar eficacia del apósito impregnado con clorhexidina para reducir la colonización y la infección asociada a catéter (IAC). Pacientes y métodos: ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, controlado. Cohorte de 77 catéteres en pacientes posquirúrgicos cardiovasculares menores de 1 año y/o 10 kg. Grupo experimental: apósito con Clorhexidina, con curación transparente. Grupo control: apósito transparente. Se compararon características de los pacientes y de los catéteres. Resultados: Los pacientes y la permanencia del catéter fueron similares en ambos grupos. La tasa cruda de IAC fue 5,2% en el grupo control y en el experimental 0% (p= 0,14). Tasa de colonización 15% en el control y 7% en el experimental (p=0,26). El recambio de curaciones fue mayor en el grupo control (1,3 recambios) vs. grupo experimental 0,7 (p= 0,009). Conclusiones: El grupo experimental mostró menor índice de colonización, aunque sin significación estadística Los cambios de curación fueron menores en este grupo (AU)


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings to reduce colonization and catheter-related infection (CRI). Patients and methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A cohort of 77 catheters in post-cardiovascular surgical patients younger than 1 year and/or weighing less than 10 kg was assessed. Experimental group: Chlorhexidine-impregnated transparent dressings. Control group: Transparent dressings. Patient and catheter features were compared. Results: Patients and mean catheter insertion duration were similar in both groups. CRI rate was 5.2% in the control group and 0% in the experimental group (p= 0.14). Colonization rate was 15% in the control and 7% in the experimental group (p=0.26). Dressing change was more frequent in the control group: 1.3 changes vs. 0.7 in the experimental group (p= 0.009). Conclusions: Colonization rate was lower in the experimental group, although no statistical significance was found. Dressing changes were less frequent in this group (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Bandages , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Catheter-Related Infections/prevention & control , Efficacy , Bacteremia/prevention & control , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage
5.
Med. infant ; 19(3): 185-191, sept. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-774339

ABSTRACT

La capacitación del recurso humano en salud y la conformación de equipos interdisciplinarios son elementos claves en la renovación de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS). En los objetivos de los programas de las residencias deberían estar presentes y planificados estos lineamientos. El Hospital Garrahan es una institución pública de referencia para la atención de patologías de alta complejidad cuyos objetivos asistenciales se vinculan fuertemente con objetivos de capacitación y formación de recursos humanos. Desde el año 2006, el programa de la residencia incorporó algunas modificaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, entre ellas el fortalecimiento de las actividades de APS. Esta integración curricular se ha cumplido a través de las siguientes estrategias: 1) Rotaciones en Centros de Salud y Acción Comunitaria de la CABA (1° y 4°año); 2) Rotaciones de Atención Comunitaria en Centros de Atención Primaria del Interior del país o, 3) en instituciones de la CABA y en el propio Hospital (3° y 4°año); 4) la asistencia cada 15 días al Consultorio de Seguimiento de Residentes (2° y 3° año). La experiencia del desarrollo del módulo de APS en la residencia de pediatría del Hospital Garrahan ha sido enriquecedora permitiendo integrar y alinear las actividades dentro y fuera del hospital. La convicción de su importancia y la aceptación por todos los actores involucrados probablemente serán los elementos claves para asegurar su continuidad y crecimiento, afianzando la visión del pediatra que estamos dispuestos a formar.


The training of human resources in health care and the setting-up of interdisciplinary teams are key elements in the renovation of primary health care (PHC). The aims of residency programs should be developed along these lines. The Garrahan Hospital is a public referral hospital providing complex care in which the care aims are closely related to the training of human resources. Since 2006, several quantitative and qualitative changes, such as the strengthening of PHC, have been made in the residency program. Integration of PHC in the residency program was achieved using different strategies: 1) Rotations in Centers for Primary Health and Community Action in the City of Buenos Aires (1st and 4th year); 2) Rotations in Centers for Primary Health and Community Action in different prov-inces, or 3) in centers in the City of Buenos Aires and in the hospital itself (3rd and 4th year); 4) Each 15 days, services in outpatient follow-up offices for residents (2nd and 3rd year). The experience of developing a PHC module in the pediatric residency program of the Garrahan Hospital has been enrich-ing and has allowed to integrate and align activities both inside and out of the hospital. The conviction that the program is important and its acceptance by all of those involved are key elements to ensure its continuity and growth consolidating the view of the kind of pediatrician we aim to train.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Education, Medical, Continuing , Health Human Resource Training , Hospitals, Pediatric , Internship and Residency , Patient Care Team , Pediatrics , Primary Health Care , Curriculum , Argentina
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(7): 593-598, July 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517801

ABSTRACT

Blood and lymphatic vessel proliferation is essential for tumor growth and progression. Most colorectal carcinomas develop from adenomas (adenoma-carcinoma sequence) in a process due to accumulation of molecular genetic alterations. About 5% of adenomatous polyps are expected to become malignant, but data on the differential angiogenic patterns of these lesions in patients with and without concomitant cancer are missing. The aim of the present study is to compare the angiogenic and lymphatic patterns of adenomatous polyps from patients with and without sporadic cancer. Thirty adenomatous polyps (15 from patients with another principal malignant lesion, and 15 from patients without cancer) were submitted to immunohistochemical staining for CD105 (marker for neoangiogenesis) and D2-40 (marker for lymphatic endothelium). Microvessel density and total vascular area were determined by computer image analysis to quantify the immunostained and total areas, and to assess the number of microvessels. Adenomas from patients with carcinoma showed significantly higher values of total vascular area determined by immunostaining for CD105 (cutoff value = 4386 µm²; P = 0.019) and of lymphatic microvessel density determined by immunostaining with D2-40 (cutoff value = 11.5; P = 0.041) when compared with those from patients without cancer. The present data indicate a significant increase in blood microvascular area and in lymphatic microvascular counts in adenomas removed from patients with cancer.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenomatous Polyps/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphangiogenesis/physiology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Adenomatous Polyps/blood supply , Adenomatous Polyps/chemistry , Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis , Antigens, CD/analysis , Biomarkers/analysis , Colorectal Neoplasms/blood supply , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemistry , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Vessels/chemistry , Lymphatic Vessels/pathology , Microcirculation , Retrospective Studies , Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 37(9): 1397-1401, Sept. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-365229

ABSTRACT

CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in immunological regulation and is related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Immunoexpression of CD95 has been reported to frequently occur in low grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas, especially of post-germinal center histogenesis, among which those originating in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphomas). However, there is no report comparing in situ immunoexpression of this marker in lymphomas and the hyperplastic lymphoid reaction (chronic gastritis) related to Helicobacter pylori infection. The purpose of the present research was to compare the intensity of lymphoid CD95 immunoexpression in 15 cases of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis and 15 gastric MALT lymphomas. CD95 (anti-CD95) was detected by an immunoperoxidase technique in paraffin sections using the catalyzed amplification system. Graduation of reaction intensity (percentage of CD95-positive cells) was semiquantitative, from 1+ to 4+. Nine cases of chronic gastritis were 4+, five 2+ and one 1+. Three lymphomas were 4+, three 3+, four 2+, four 1+, and one was negative. Although 14 of 15 lymphomas were positive for CD95, the intensity of the reaction was significantly weaker compared to that obtained with gastric tissue for patients with gastritis (P = 0.03). The difference in CD95 immunoexpression does not seem to be useful as an isolated criterion in the differential diagnosis between chronic gastritis and MALT lymphomas since there was overlapping of immunostaining patterns. However, it suggests the possibility of a pathogenetic role of this apoptosis-regulating protein in MALT lymphomas.


Subject(s)
Humans , fas Receptor , Apoptosis , Gastritis , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone , Stomach Neoplasms , Biomarkers, Tumor , Chronic Disease , Diagnosis, Differential , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Immunohistochemistry
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 36(9): 1159-1165, Sept. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-342854

ABSTRACT

The etiopathogenesis of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN III) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma are largely unknown. Since there are few studies on Brazilian patients, our purpose was to determine the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the expression of p53 in these lesions, and associate them with other factors such as age, morphological subtypes, multicentric and multifocal disease. Thirty-eight cases of VIN III, nine of superficially invasive carcinoma, and 55 of invasive vulvar carcinoma were retrospectively evaluated from 1983 to 1995 for the presence of HPV by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and for p53 protein expression by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections. All cases for whom material (slides and paraffin blocks) and clinical data were available were included. HPV and p53 were detected in 57.9 and 21.1 percent of the VIN III lesions, 33.3 and 66.7 percent of superficially invasive carcinomas, and 7.3 and 58.2 percent of invasive squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. HPV infection was associated with younger age in the VIN III and invasive carcinoma groups. In the latter, HPV infection was associated with the basaloid variant. p53 expression rate was higher in superficially invasive and invasive lesions and was not related to HPV infection. Our findings are similar to others and support the hypothesis that there are two separate entities of the disease, one associated with HPV and the other unrelated, with p53 inactivation possibly being implicated in some of the cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carcinoma in Situ , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Papillomaviridae , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Vulvar Neoplasms , Carcinoma in Situ , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization , Papillomavirus Infections , Retrospective Studies , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Tumor Virus Infections , Vulvar Neoplasms
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 34(4): 365-368, jul.-ago. 2001.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-461931

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, a high prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been documented. In immunocompetent adults CMV infection is usually asymptomatic and therefore morphologic and immunophenotypic bone marrow changes have rarely been described. The authors report the case of a previously healthy patient who developed fever of undetermined origin. The diagnosis of acute CMV infection was based on serological testing. A computed tomographic scan showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. A bone marrow biopsy revealed a hypercellular haematopoiesis with eosinophilia and large mixed T- and B-cell lymphoid aggregates. In spite of bcl-2 positivity, their reactive nature was demonstrated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were unable to detect CMV-DNA in paraffin-embedded bone marrow sections. Much like in other systemic disorders, the lymphoid nodules in this case seemed to be caused by immunological mechanisms, possibly due to cytokines released in response to the systemic infectious process.


Uma elevada prevalência de infecção pelo citomegalovírus (CMV) está documentada no Brasil. Em adultos imunocompetentes a infecção pelo CMV é, em geral, assintomática e, portanto, as alterações morfológicas e imunohistoquímicas na medula óssea têm sido raramente descritas. Relatamos o caso de um paciente previamente assintomático que desenvolveu febre de origem obscura. O diagnóstico de infecção aguda pelo CMV foi baseado em estudo sorológico. A tomografia computadorizada do tórax mostrou linfadenopatia mediastinal. A biópsia óssea revelou medula hipercelular com eosinofilia e grandes agregados linfóides mistos de células B e T. Apesar da positividade para bcl-2, a sua natureza reacional foi demostrada. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e a imunohistoquímica não detectaram DNA viral nos cortes de medula óssea em parafina. Assim como em outros distúrbios sistêmicos, os nódulos linfóides no nosso caso parecem ser causados por mecanismos imunológicos, possivelmente relacionados a citoquinas liberadas em resposta ao processo infeccioso sistêmico.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology , Bone Marrow Examination , Immunocompetence , Immunohistochemistry , Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology , Lymph Nodes/pathology
12.
Med. infant ; 6(3): 220-226, sept. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-270613

ABSTRACT

jetivo: evaluar en un ensayo clínico a muestras relacionadas la respuesta al óxido nítrico (NO) en niños con hipertensión pulmonar (HP) grave post cirugía cardiovascular. Pacientes y Métodos: 24 pacientes (5 por ciento) internados en la unidad de recuperación cardiovascular entre agosto de 1996 y agosto de 1997 recibieron NO inhalado por padecer HP grave postoperatoria y fracaso al tratamiento convencional. Las indicaciones se categorizaron en 4 grupos: 1) Tratamiento con monitoreo directo de la presión arterial pulmonar (PAP). 2) Sin monitoreo directo, con evaluación clínica y ecocardiográfica. 3) Con gradiente transpulmonar >15 mmhg. 4) Uso preventivo. Se controlaron presión arterial y pulmonar, gases en sangre antes y después de la administración, metahemoglobinemia cada 12 hs, control ambiental de NO y NO2 cada 4 hs y ecocardiograma pre y post-no. En el análisis estadístico se compararon los valores de la pao2 antes y después de la administración del NO utilizando el wilcoxon rank test para dos colas (gpis).Se consideró significativa una p<0.05. Resultados: la mediana de edad fue de 8.7m, y la de peso de 4.2 kg., la mediana del tiempo de administración fue 69 hs (2-317 hs) con una dosis máximapromedio de 26 +- 22 ppm. Diez y nueve pacientes (80 por ciento) tuvieron una respuesta favorable; en 12 de ellos se observó un incremento de la pao2 basal superior al 30 por ciento. La mediana de la pao2 previa fue de 94 torr (r=36-428) con una posterior de 155 torr (r=34-683), p=0.009. Los niveles promedio de metahemoglobinemia fueron de 2 por ciento. Los niveles de NO y NO2 ambientales fueron menores de 1 ppm. No se observaron fenómenos de hipotensión arterial sistémica asociados a la administración del NO. La sobrevida fue de 18/24 pacientes (75 porciento). Conclusiones: el uso terapéutico de NO inhalado en pacientes críticamente enfermos con HP, dentro de un protocolo de administración y monitoreo, es seguro, mejora la oxigenación y/o disminuye los episodios de HP constituyendo una valiosa herramienta en el tratamiento de este grupo de pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Postoperative Complications , Nitric Acid/therapeutic use , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy
14.
Med. infant ; 3(1): 23-8, mar. 1996. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-294755

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comunicar losresultados obtenidos en la enseñanza de la resucitación cardiopulmonar pediátrica a través de un programa de entrenamiento teórico-práctico. Material y Métodos: El curso se dicta en dos días y está dividido en 4 módulos: Prevención del Paro, Vía Aérea, Accesos Vasculares, Arritmias y Drogas, seguidos de una Sesión Integradora (esquema tomado del Pediatric Advanced Life Support, PALS). Antes de comenzar el mismo se entrega la bibliografía y se toma un pretest para estimular la lectura del material. Las exposiciones teóricas son breves para destinar el mayor tiempo a la práctica. Esta es realizada con simuladores que permiten la adquisición de las habilidades y destrezas necesarias y enfatizada con la presentación de casos clínicos. Al finalizar el curso se toma una evaluación teórica a través del método de opción múltiple y si la misma es aprobada, un exámen práctico con presentación de casos clínicos en tiempo real. También se realizó una encuesta anónima para evaluar el grado de satisfacción de los alumnos. Resultados: Desde Junio de 1993 se realizaron 9 cursos en los que participaron 146 médicos residentes y becarios del hospital con la siguiente distribución por años: 27 (18,4 por ciento) de 1er año, 34 (23,2 por ciento) de 2do año, 62 (42,4 por ciento) de3er año, 6 (4 por ciento) de 4to y 17 (11,6 por ciento) otros (médicos asistentes, concurrentes, etc.). Todos ellos aprobaron el exámen teórico y solo 10 reprobaron (6,8 por ciento) el práctico. No hubo diferencias significativas entre losresultados de los exámenes y el año de residencia. Del análisis de la encuesta surge que el grado de satisfacción discriminado por módulos es muy alto (>80 porciento) para prevención, vía aérea, accesos vasculares y sesión integradora y menor (63 por ciento) para el de arritmias. Conclusiones: La estrategia docente utilizada que combina la información teórica con la práctica ha demostrado ser unrecurso muy útil (AU)##


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Education, Continuing , Education, Medical, Continuing , Inservice Training , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Argentina , Emergency Medicine , Hospitals, Pediatric , Hospitals, Public
15.
Montevideo; Uruguay. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Registro Nacional del Cancer; dic. 1989. 203 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-367678
16.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 54(6): 672-81, 1983.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-16423

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 470 ninos de ambos sexos entre 0 y 5,99 anos de edad a los que se les tomo el peso, la talla y los pliegues cutaneos tricipital, subescapular y suprailiaco. Se calcularon las correlaciones entre la variable peso y el indice % Peso/ Talla/100 con cada uno de los pliegues objeto de estudio. Los valores de r resultaron bajos al correlacionar el peso y los pliegues, siendo algo mayores al utilizar el indice obtenido a partir del porcentaje de peso para la talla. El pliegue subescapular mostro, en todos los casos, las correlaciones mas altas. Se comentan los resultados obtenidos


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Female , Body Height , Body Weight , Skinfold Thickness , Fats
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